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The Formal Ontology of Economics:
Foundations for an Objective Political Economy

Systemic Political Economy Handbook Cover

The OPE is an initiative for the foundation of economic science, on ontological, objective, and systemic bases: an endeavor to inform economic policies for a more prosperous and democratic society and to build more effective and resilient enterprises:

  • The scope of the economy is defined by two fundamental interactions: economic-exchanges (commodities [goods, services], money) and economic-transfers (e.g., gifts, taxes, subsidies).
  • The enterprise's fundamental purpose is not profit. It is the orchestration of economic exchanges: products for its customers, wages for its employees, returns (aka profits) for its shareholders, and supplies from its suppliers..
  • The freedom of entrepreneurship does not inherently provide its own limits.It tends to reduce the freedom to choose. Competition refers to the freedom to offer regulated by the freedom to choose.
  • Economic accounting is fundamental to understanding price formation at both the micro and macroeconomic levels.
  • Labor (as effort), money, natural resources, knowledge are not commodities.
  • The initial creators of economic wealth, i.e. of economic exchange value, are individuals.
  • Employment and economic growth depend on capital formation, which in turn requires the incentive of a fair profit as the income in exchange for placements in capital.
  • A primary normative goal of a market economy should be the maximization of total labor income.
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