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The Formal Ontology of Economics: Foundations for a New Political Economy

Systemic Political Economy Handbook Cover

The project is the foundation of economic science on ontological, objective, and systemic bases: an endeavor to inform economic policies for a more prosperous and democratic society and to build more effective and resilient enterprises:

  • The scope of the economy is defined by two fundamental interactions: economic-exchanges (commodities [goods, services], money) and economic-transfers (e.g., gifts, taxes, subsidies).
  • The enterprise's fundamental purpose is economic exchanges with: its customers (products), its employees (wages), its shareholders (profits), its suppliers.
  • The freedom of entrepreneurship does not inherently provide its own limits.It tends to reduce the freedom to choose. Competition refers to the freedom to offer regulated by the freedom to choose.
  • Commercial accounting is fundamental to understanding price formation at both the micro and macroeconomic levels.
  • Labor (as effort), money, natural resources, knowledge are not commodities.
  • The initial creators of economic wealth, i.e. of economic exchange value, are individuals.
  • Employment and economic growth depend on capital formation, which in turn requires the incentive of a fair profit as the income in exchange for capital savings.
  • A primary normative goal of a market economy should be the maximization of total labor income.
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